TARSIER

Tarsius tarsier (beast Ghosts / Ghost Monkey / Monkey Ghost) is a species of small primates, have a reddish brown body with gray skin color, big-eyed with ears facing forward and has a wide shape.

Tarsier name derived because their body's physical characteristics are special, ie the elongated tarsal bones, which form their ankles so they can jump as far as 3 meters (nearly 10 feet) from one tree to another. Tarsier also has a long tail that is not hairy, except at the edges. Each animal hand and foot has five long fingers. These fingers have nails, except the second and third toes with claws used for grooming.

The most privileged of the Tarsier is the big eyes. Sizes larger eyes than a big brain itself. This eye can be used to discern in the dark but otherwise, these animals could barely see in the daytime. Head Tarsier can rotate nearly 180 degrees either to the right nor to the left, like an owl. Their ears also can be driven to detect the presence of prey.

Tarsiers are nocturnal creatures which perform the activity at night and sleep during the day. Therefore Tarsiers hunt at night. They are the main prey is insects such as cockroaches, crickets, and sometimes small reptiles, birds, and bats. Habitat is in the forests of North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi up, also on the islands around Sulawesi as Suwu, Selayar, and Peleng. Tarsier can also be found in the Philippines. National Park Bantimurung Bulusaraung, South Sulawesi, Tarsius better known by local people as "balao clutches" or "rat squat" if translated into Indonesian.

Tarsier spends most of his life in the trees. These animals marking their territory area of ​​trees with urine. Tarsier move by jumping from tree to tree. These animals even sleep and give birth to continue to rely on a tree trunk. Tarsiers can not walk on land, they jump while on the ground.

COELACANTH

Coelacanth (meaning "spines hollow", from the words Greek coelia, "κοιλιά" (hollow) and acanthos, "άκανθος" (thorn), referring to the spines of fins are hollow) IPA: [he ː lə ˌ kænθ] is the name of the order (nation) of fish among others, consists of an evolutionary branch of the oldest living jawed fish. Coelacanth is estimated to have gone extinct since the late Cretaceous period 65 million years ago, until a specimen was found in eastern South Africa, in the waters of the river Chalumna 1938. Since then it has been found in the Comoro Coelacanth, the waters of Manado Tua island of Sulawesi, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar and marine park St. Lucia in South Africa. In Indonesia, especially around Manado, North Sulawesi, this species by local people named the king of sea fish.

Coelacanth consists of approximately 120 known species based on fossil discoveries.

DODO

Dodo (Raphus cucullatus) is a bird can not fly that ever lived on the island of Mauritius. This bird related to pigeons. This bird has a height of about one meter, eating fruit and nested on the ground.

Dodo became extinct between the mid-to late-17th century. Extinction is often used as an archetype because it occurs in human history and as a result of human activity.

Etymology

Not clear where the word dodo come from. May be associated with dodaars, Dutch for duck kind. There is a relationship between the two because of the similarity in the leg feathers or because the two animals are stiff. However, the Dutch are also known to refer to birds of Mauritius with walghvogel (birds that make the nausea) because it tastes. The last name was first used in the journal of the admiral Wybrand van Warwijck who visited and gave the name of Mauritius in 1598. Dodo or re-recorded in the journal Dodaerse captain Willem van West-Zanen four years later, but it is unclear whether he was the first to use the name, since before the Dutch, the Portuguese had visited the island in 1507, but did not settle.

According to Encarta Dictionary and Chambers Dictionary of Etymology, "dodo" comes from the Portuguese doudo (now doido) means "stupid" or "crazy". However, the Portuguese term for the bird now, dodo, derived from English. Doudo word or doido in Portuguese language itself is likely to come from the old English language ("dolt"). Doubt that the origin of the word of Portuguese is also due, in Portuguese, a name formed from the repetition of two syllables sounded childish.

Another possibility is that the dodo is a bird onomatope of the sound itself, the sound of a dove-like 'doo-doo'.

BERMUDA TRIANGLE

Bermuda Triangle (English: Bermuda Triangle), sometimes also called Satan's Triangle is an area in the Atlantic ocean area of ​​1.5 million or 4 million km2 mil2 that form a line between the Bermuda triangle, the territory of the United Kingdom as a point on the north , Puerto Rico, the territory of the United States as a point in the south and Miami, the state of Florida, the United States as a point on the west.

Very mysterious Bermuda Triangle. Often there is the issue of the paranormal in the area that states the reason for the loss of ships passing events. There is also a saying that has become a natural phenomenon that should not be across the region. Some are even saying that it's all alien-induced

The early history

At the time of Christopher Columbus' voyage, when moving through the Bermuda Triangle area, said one of his crew saw "a strange light berkemilau on the horizon". Some people say they have observed something like a meteor. In his notes he writes that the navigation equipment is not functioning properly during their stay in the area.

Loss events in the area was first documented in 1951 by EVW Jones of Associated Press magazine. Jones wrote an article about the events that befall the mysterious loss of airplanes and sea in the area and call it 'Satan's Triangle'. This tilt back the following year by Fate Magazine with articles that made George X. In 1964, Vincent Geddis calling area as a 'deadly Bermuda Triangle', the term 'Bermuda Triangle' is a term commonly called. Bermuda Triangle is a place where the sea bottom there is a large pyramid may be larger than the pyramids in Cairo, Egypt. Pyramid has a distance between the tip of the pyramid and about 500 m above sea level, at the end of the pyramid there are two cavities trsebut larger holes.

MENGKUDU - NONI

Noni (tongue Aceh: keumeudee, Java: pace, kemudu, kudu); cangkudu (Sunda), kodhuk (Madura), tibah (Bali) from Southeast Asia region, belong to the family Rubiaceae. Another name for this plant is Noni (Hawaiian), Nono (Tahiti language), Nonu (Tonga language), ungcoikan (Myanmar language) and Ach (in Hindi),

This plant grows in the lowlands up to an altitude of 1500 m. Noni tree height reaches 3-8 m, has a white flower head. The fruit is a fruit compound, which is still young and has a shiny green spots, and when the old white with black spots.

Traditionally, the people of Aceh use of noni as a vegetable and salad. The leaves are also used as one ingredient nicah peugaga which often appears as a menu obligatory fasting. Noni (keumeudee) because it is often planted near the house in a village in Aceh. Also noni is also often used as a medicine.

The origins

The origin of noni are not separated by the presence of Polynesians who settled the Pacific islands. Polynesians believed to come from (Southeast Asia). In the year 100 BC, the famous brave mengembara.Tanpa apparent reason they crossed the ocean to leave their homeland. There is the impression of wandering in the disappoint with one thing and mean distance themselves from their previous lives. After long wandering, they arrived at around Polynesia, the islands around the South Pacific. The adventurer is immediately fell in love at the sight of the beautiful scenery, beach conditions, and the island.

Interestingly, they seemed to have been preparing to move to another island. This can be evidenced by the number of plants and animals that come to carry, because it is considered essential to sustain life. Some native plants, like bananas, taro, sweet potato, breadfruit, sugar cane, and noni, which brought it dibawanya.Di between, there's still a form of cuttings and shoots. One of the plants, namely Noni, considered sacred items. Since 1500 years ago the population that is now called the Hawaiian islands were known as noni noni. They suspect Latin name Morinda citrifolia plant has many benefits. They see it as a magical Hawaiian plant, because the fruit is believed to cure various diseases.

PT. FREEPORT INDONESIA

PT. Freeport Indonesia is a mining company which is majority owned by Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. .. The company is the largest taxpayer to Indonesia and is the largest gold producing company in the world through the Grasberg mine. Freeport Indonesia has conducted exploration in two places in Papua, respectively Erstberg mine (from 1967) and the Grasberg mine (since 1988), in the Copper Temple, Mimika District, Papua Province.

Freeport developed into a company with 2.3 billion U.S. dollars revenue. According to Freeport, its presence provides direct and indirect benefits to Indonesia amounting to 33 billion dollars from the year 1992-2004. This figure is almost equal to 2 percent of Indonesia's GDP. With the price of gold reached the highest value in the last 25 years, which is 540 dollars per ounce, Freeport is expected to fill government coffers by 1 billion dollars.

Mining International, a trade magazine, called Freeport's gold mine as the largest in the world.

Freeport Indonesia is often rumored to have committed abuses against the local population. In addition, in 2003 Freeport Indonesia claimed that they had paid the military to expel the local inhabitants of their territory. According to the New York Times in December 2005, the amount that was paid between 1998 and 2004, reaching nearly 20 million U.S. dollars.

Shareholder

• Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc.. (USA) - 81.28%

• Government of Indonesia - 9.36%

• PT. Indocopper Investama - 9.36%

The mine produced materials

• -Copper

• -Gold

• -Silver

• -Molybdenum

• -Rhenium

All this results in a material that mine was not clear because the mine was on the ship right out of Indonesia for the purified while the molybdenum and rhenium is a byproduct of processing copper ore.

KOMODO

Komodo Island is an island located in the Nusa Tenggara islands. Komodo Island is known as a habitat for native animals dragons. The island is also the Komodo National Park which is managed by the Central Government. Komodo Island in the eastern island of Sumbawa, separated by Sape Strait.

Administratively, this island including the District of Komodo, West Manggarai regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Komodo Island is the most western tip of East Nusa Tenggara province, bordering the province of West Nusa Tenggara.

On the island of Komodo, Komodo animals live and breed well. Until August 2009, on this island there are about 1,300 Komodo dragons tail. Coupled with the other islands, such as Island and Rinca and Gili Motang, their numbers totaled about 2500 tails. There are also approximately 100 individuals dragons in Wae Wuul Nature Reserve on the mainland island of Flores, but not including the Komodo National Park.

Besides Komodo, this island also store a variety of exotic flora that Sepang wood by local people used as a medicinal and dye clothing, nitak tree Sterculia oblongata in this or believe to be useful as medicines and seeds are tasty and delicious like peas.

History

In 1910 the Dutch named the island on the south side of East Nusa Tenggara province is the nickname of the island of Komodo. This story begins with Lieutenant Steyn van Hens Broek who tries to prove statements about the presence of Dutch troops large animal resembling a dragon on the island. Steyn then kill a dragon and bring documentation to the Museum and Botanical Garden in Bogor to be investigated.

In 2009, the Park has been named a finalist in the "New Seven Wonders of Nature" that the new announced in 2010 by online voting at www.N7W.com

BEE

Bees are a large group of insects known for his berkelompokm despite the fact that not all bees are so. All the bees into the tribe or family of Apidae (order Hymenoptera: membrane-winged insects). In the world there are approximately 20,000 species of bees and can be found on every continent, except Antarctica.

As an insect, he has three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings. Bees make their nests on the hill, on trees and on rooftops. Nest is built from a night-kelelenjar produced by glands of young female bees found in his body. Bees eat nectar and pollen.

Way of life

Female insects have an important role in this insect group. The behavior of bees is determined by the behavior of female bees. Some females of certain species of bees live alone (solitary) and others known to have a social behavior. Solitary bees build their own nest and foraging for keturunnya without the help of other bees and usually die or leave the nest at the time of keturunnya not yet become an adult bee. Sometimes a few species of solitary bees feed and care for their children without giving up food for their children, form such a relationship is known as subsosial. While at a higher stage, bees live in groups and share duties in accordance with their respective physical form.

CAVE

A cave is a natural hole in the ground large enough and deep. Some scientists explain that he must be large enough so that some part in it does not receive sunlight; but in general the use of fairly broad sense, including the protection of stone, sea caves.

Record

Because I continue to explore new, therefore, continuously updated record of the size of the cave.

Largest cave system (within) is Mammoth Cave (Kentucky, USA) with a length of 579 km. This record does not seem to be skipped in the near future because the second longest cave known to be in Pechera Optymistychna in Ukraine with a length of 214 km.

In 2005, the deepest known cave (measured from the entry point to its lowest point) is Voronya Cave (Abkhazia, Georgia, with a depth of 2080 m. This is the first cave that had crawled up to a depth of more than 2 km. Cave's first with a depth of more than 1 km are never explored Gouffre Berger is famous in France. Gouffre Mirolda - Lucien Bouclier Lamprechtsofen caves in France and in Austria is a cave Vogelschacht second and third deepest with a depth of 1733 m and 1632 m, respectively. this record has been changed several times in recent years.

Cave depth record held by protrudes downward Vrtoglavica cave in Slovenia with the 603m, followed by the Velebit cave Velebit mountain in Croatia with a depth of 553m.

Cave is the largest ever encountered Sarawak Chamber, Mount Mulu National Park (Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia), with an area of ​​600 mx 400 m and a height of 80 m.

For the world famous caves, see the list of caves.

THE PENTAGON

The Pentagon is building the U.S. Department of Defense in Arlington, Virginia near Washington DC, a pentagon-shaped (Greek: the pentagon). The Pentagon is the main office of the U.S. armed forces.

The Pentagon seen by many as one of the buildings are designed efficiently. Alley system in this building there are 28 kilometers in length and breadth there are 11 hectares. But every place in this building can be reached within seven minutes by foot.

The Pentagon was built during World War II. Construction began on September 11, 1941. In 1943, 18 months after it started, the building was completed. President Roosevelt thought that this building is only a temporary building just after World War II and will serve as the National Archives building. In 1998 the building was renovated.

At the time of "11 September 2001 attacks", American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the building. But it can be said of a fortune in the disaster, where a hit is a newly renovated place. After this event, continued renovation and is expected to be completed in 2008.

On 23 Agustus2011, an earthquake measuring 5.8 Ritcher scale shook the Pentagon. The building suffered some minor damage to some of the leaking pipe which caused the earthquake.

PYRAMID

Pyramid or the pyramid is a building construction that has been used since long time by the ancient Egyptians and Mayans, were used as tombs of the kings of ancient times and places of worship (worship).

Pyramid in history

In the history of pyramid building construction has been used since a long time. Nation of the ancient Egyptians and Mayans used the building known as the pyramid tombs of the kings of ancient times and places of worship (worship) besides there are allegations of hoarding as a place (warehouse) of food since the time when preparations for a bad season or the treasury.

Various analysis of the use of pyramid construction. Some call it a heritage building UFO-like building on the grounds there is a pyramid found on Mars that are one degree latitude equal to the degrees of latitude on Earth, others say the legacy of civilization of Atlantis and some say that the construction of the pyramids used on the grounds that in ancient civilizations , humans have difficulties to make the construction of the dome. Therefore, the pyramid construction are used to simplify. Construction of the new dome itself is used in the Roman period with the construction of concrete arch on the building and the East.

TAJ MAHAL

Taj Mahal (Urdu: تاج محل, Hindi: ताज महल) is a monument located in Agra, India. Built on the desire of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Jahangir's son, as a mausoleum for the wife of Persian, Arjumand Banu Begum, also known as Mumtaz-ul-Zamani or Mumtaz Mahal. Its construction took 23 years (1630-1653) and is a masterpiece of Mughal architecture.

Shah Jahan, the emperor of the Mughal Empire has a great wealth during its heyday. In 1631 his second wife died while giving birth her ​​daughter Gauhara Begum, their 14th child.

In 1983 the Taj Mahal is accepted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Manufacture

Ustad Ahmad Shah Jahan ordered the making of this building. Ustaz Ahmad workers gather 20,000 people consisting of a mason, a goldsmith and engraver who famous from around the world.

With the tube, the dome and towers made ​​of white marble, as well as a beautiful art mozak, Taj Mahal is one of the seven wonders of the world. A total of 43 types of gemstones, the diamond inclusion, jed, crystal, topaz and patchouli has been used to treat a beautiful Taj Mahal. Making the Taj Mahal took 22 years.

BOROBUDUR

Borobudur is the name of a Buddhist temple located in Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java. Location of the temple is approximately 100 miles southwest of Semarang and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. This temple was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around the year 800 AD during the reign of the dynasty dynasty. In Chinese, this temple is also called 婆罗 浮屠 (Hanyu Pinyin: po luo fu tu) in Mandarin.

The name of Borobudur

Many theories that attempt to explain the name of this temple. One of them states that the name is probably derived from the word Sambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the slopes are located terraces. In addition there are some other folk etymology. Suppose that the word comes from the word Borobudur "the Buddha" is due to a shift in the sound of the Borobudur. Another explanation is that the name comes from two words "coal" and "beduhur". The word bara said to have originated from the word monastery, while there is also another explanation where the coal comes from Sanskrit which means temple or monastery and beduhur meaning is "high", or to remind the Balinese language means "above". So the point is a monastery or a dormitory located on high ground.

Historian J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation to earn his doctorate in 1950 argued that Borobudur is a place of worship. Based on the inscriptions and Kahulunan Karangtengah, Casparis estimate the founder of the Borobudur is the king of Mataram dynasty dynasty named Samaratungga, who did the construction of around 824 AD The giant new buildings can be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani. Borobudur estimated construction takes half a century. In Karangtengah inscription also mentioned about the bestowal of land sima (tax-free land) by Cri Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) to maintain Kamulan called Bhūmisambhāra. Kamulan term itself comes from the word meaning place of first origin, a shrine to honor ancestors, probably the ancestor of the dynasty Sailendra. Casparis estimates that Bhumi Sambhāra Bhudhāra in Sanskrit which means "Mount of the set of ten levels boddhisattwa virtue", was the original name of Borobudur.

TOWER OF PISA

Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa or simply Torre di Pisa) is the campanile or bell tower of the cathedral in Pisa, Italy.

Tower of Pisa is actually made ​​to stand vertically like a tower bell in general, but began leaning shortly after construction started in August 1173. He is located behind the cathedral and is the third building Campo dei Miracoli (Field of the rainbow) city of Pisa.

The height of this tower is 55.86 m from ground level as low and 56.70 m above the highest ground. Breadth below the wall reaches 4.09 m and 2.48 m. at the top Its weight is estimated at 14,500 tons. Pisa tower has 294 steps. With the existence of this tower, sector of economic income to be increased because of the attraction.

Tower of Pisa is also accepted as one of UNESCO World Heritage Site.

history

Construction of the Tower of Pisa is in three stages within a period of 200 years. Construction of first floor of a rocky white marble campanile began on August 9, 1173, which is an era of prosperity and military success. The first floor is surrounded by pillars with classical letters, leading to tilted against arch blinds.

There is controversy about the identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Over the past few years designers predicated to Ahmad rezio Pahlevio and ronaldo Jeremiaso, a prominent local artists of the 12th century in Pisa, which is popular by bronze molds, particularly in the Pisa Duomo. Bonanno Pisano left Pisa in 1185 leading to Monreale, Sicily, only to return home and died in his hometown. Sarcophagus was discovered at the base of the tower in 1820.

EIFFEL

Eiffel Tower (French: Tour Eiffel, / tuʀ ɛfɛl /) is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars on the banks of the River Seine in Paris. The tower has become a global icon of France and one of the world famous structure.

Introduction

Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower is the tallest building in Paris and one of the world famous structure. More than 200,000,000 people have visited the tower since its construction in 1889, including 6,719,200 people in 2006, making it a monument to fare the most visited in the world. Including the antenna as high as 24 m (79 feet), this structure has a height 325 m (1063 ft) since 2000, the same as a conventional 81-story building.

When the tower was completed in 1889, it became the tallest structure in the world - the title is retained until 1930 when the Chrysler Building in New York City (319 m - 1047 feet) is finished. [6] The tower is now the fifth-tallest in France and the highest in Paris, with the second highest structure of the Tour Montparnasse (210 m - 689 ft), although it would be surpassed by Tour AXA (225.11 m - 738.36 ft).

The metal structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7300 tons while the entire structure including non-metal components weighs 10,000 tons. Depending on temperature, away from the sun's spire can be 18 cm (7 inches) due to expansion of iron on the part facing the sun. The tower is also swinging 6-7 cm (2-3 inches) in a windy atmosphere. As a demonstration of the economy of the building, when 7300 tons of metal structure were melted, it would fill 125 square meters with a depth of 6 cm (2:36 inches), which means the iron density of 7.8 tonnes per cubic meter. The tower has a mass less than the mass of air in the cylinder with the same dimensions, and 88.3 324 meters radius. 10,100 tons of heavy tower when compared with 10,265 tons of air.

The first and second levels are accessible by stairs and elevator. A ticket booth at the south tower to sell tickets to the stairs which begin at that location. On the first platform the stairs continue up from the east tower and the third level summit is only accessible by lift. From the first or second platform the stairs were open to all who rise and fall depending on if they had bought tickets or tickets elevator stairs. Number 9 steps to the ticket counter at the bottom, 328 to the first level, 340 to the second level and 18 to the platform elevator at the second level. When out of the elevator on the third level there are 15 steps up to the upper observation platform. The number of steps printed on the side of the ladder gradually to give the sign of the ascent. Most of the ascent to the scene directly beneath and around the tower although short steps beebrapa closed.

Treatment consists of procuring the tower 50 to 60 tonnes of paint every seven years to keep it from rusting. To maintain the appearance of the visitors below, three different colors used on the tower, with a dark color on the bottom and the lightest on top. Paint color changed; the tower is painted in brown-gray. At the first level there is an interactive console that tells the color of the paint next. The architect of the Eiffel Tower are Emile Nouguier, Maurice Koechlin and Stephen Sauvestre.